Annotated Bibliography Brand Loyalty from a Multi-Faceted...

Annotated Bibliography Brand Loyalty from a Multi-faceted Perspective ORGA 201 Introduction to Management Section OP51 Max Su (1762788) Instructor: Rob Dean Brand loyalty is the ‘Holy Grail’ to all marketing organizations. Marketing practitioners are consumed by it. They search. They try. They dream. They want to achieve the ultimate in brand loyalty, making it so airtight that no competition can lure their consumers from their brands of products. Unfortunately, there is no one-size-fit-all methodology. Competition is dynamic. There’s no way to accurately anticipate what the creativity of their competitors can bring to the marketplace, which can lead to†¦show more content†¦The authors describe ethical burden as the necessity of company to charge real cost of doing business, ensure quality of products and services and develop strong customer relations. The focus group study with a sample of 50 business professionals contends that by managing ethical burden with continuous advertising, it can lead to creating positive brand image and hence, brand loyalty, that will sustain the brand in the long te rm through repeat buying phenomena. Babur is an Assistant Professor and Principal at ISRA University, Islamabad Campus Pakistan. Naveed is a Senior Research Associate at Riphah International University, Islamabad Pakistan. There are 15 references in this article. The authors use these references to elaborate on concepts relating to marketing in regards to ethical burden, brand image, brand loyalty and, advertising in general. The results of the study indicate that a large portion of the repeat buying behavior is due to unexplained factors across purchasing occasions. The authors state that this study has a 72% of reliability, but did not show the calculation of how the number was derived. The written English is weak and some descriptions are not so clear. Despite this deficiency, this article provides marketing managers with another perspective to sustain brand loyalty. In regards to the 72% reliability, further research can incorporate quantitative methods of research to indentify outliers, which can lead to a more accurate

Sardanapalus Essay Paper Example For Students

Sardanapalus Essay Paper A monologue from the play by Lord Byron NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Lord Byron: Six Plays. Lord Byron. Los Angeles: Black Box Press, 2007. MYRRHA: Why do I love this man? My countrys daughtersLove none but heroes. But I have no country!The slave hath lost all save her bonds. I love him;And thats the heaviest link of the long chain—To love whom we esteem not. Be it so:The hour is coming when hell need all love,And find none. To fall from him now were baserThan to have stabbed him on his throne when highestWould have been noble in my countrys creed:I was not made for either. Could I save him,I should not love him better, but myself;And I have need of the last, for I have fallenIn my own thoughts, by loving this soft stranger:And yet, methinks, I love him more, perceivingThat he is hated of his own barbarians,The natural foes of all the blood of Greece.Could I but wake a single thought like thoseWhich even the Phrygians felt when battling longTwixt Ilion and the sea, within his heart,He would tread down the barbarous crowds, and triumph.He loves me, and I love him; the slave lovesHer master, and would free him from his vices.If not, I have a means of freedom still,And if I cannot teach him how to reign,May show him how alone a King can leaveHis throne.

The changing roles of men and women in families in Britain over the past half century Essay Example

The changing roles of men and women in families in Britain over the past half century Essay For much of the long history of human civilization women and men evolved to assume different roles within the family and larger society. But in most societies, women were made to take a subordinate social and domestic role to men. This situation has gradually changed in the last fifty years and there is more equality between the statuses of the two sexes. Two important circumstances have made female emancipation possible. Firstly, as works of female authors started to get published, societies got exposed to the feminine perspective on various subjects. Secondly, events such as the Second World War had radically altered women’s roles by bringing them out of their homes and into factories. The women suffragette movement that took place in the early decades of the 20th century and the Women’s rights movement of the 1960s were also instrumental in bringing about substantial change in the status and role of women (Allan Crow, 2001, p.21). These changes were not restr icted to Britain, but have occurred simultaneously in many countries, especially in West. While the role of women has seen remarkable change over the last half century, the same cannot be said of the role of men. Some of the specific areas where gender roles in Britain have morphed over the recent decades are discussed in this essay. There is no doubt that women have steadily taken a prominent role in the workplace and that their participation in it has increased gradually over the last five decades. Half a century back men were deemed the sole bread-winners for their families and women were confined to domestic work and bringing up children (Morgan, 1990, p.15). But today’s Britain is a far cry from what was the case in 1960s. Since the circumstances of the Second World War forced women into taking up roles that were conventionally restricted to men, there has been no looking back in terms of their economic independence (Davies, 2004, p. 260). Previously, women had to put up with abusive husbands due to their economic dependency on the latter. But as more women became financially independent, their freedoms in regard to interpersonal relationships also grew. It should be remembered though, that despite possessing equal professional qualifications, work experience and skill sets, most women tend to g et paid less than their husbands (Walters Avotri, 1999). For example, we find that despite progress in many areas, the gender wage gap is a clear-cut sign that women still have some way to go before achieving an equal status to their husbands. What is worrying about the persistent gender wage gap is the fact that women don’t feel as indignant about this issue as they do in other areas of inequality (Allan Crow, 2001, p.21). In addition to this, British culture and history have stereotyped what comprise feminine qualities. The following observation from research team of Chichilnisky et. al. further elucidates this point: We will write a custom essay sample on The changing roles of men and women in families in Britain over the past half century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The changing roles of men and women in families in Britain over the past half century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The changing roles of men and women in families in Britain over the past half century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"notwithstanding the fact that today’s women and men share the same starting point for becoming equally productive in both the home and the workplace–current beliefs about earnings may be â€Å"historically biased† in favour of stereotypes. This reasoning leads us to argue that persistence of the gender wage gap in developed societies can possibly be explained by a self-fulfilling â€Å"history bias† in beliefs.† (Chichilnisky et. al., 2008, p.299) But beyond the â€Å"history bias†, there are other factors that contribute to gender wage gap within the family. While the absolute percentage of women participating in workforce has increased, the stereotyping of feminine qualities has restricted the domains in which they could specialize. As a result, women and men are segregated occupation-wise, where there is wage-disparity between occupations. There is also disparity between women and men of the same age-groups due to the fact that the former lose a few years for maternity and child-rearing which holds back their career’s progress. So while economic opportunities for women have expanded and consequently their roles within the family have changed since the 1950s, it has not propelled women to a state of equality with men today. (Walker, 2005, p.32) We can learn useful insights about gender roles in Britain by studying the foundation, organizational structure and other facets of the British Association of Barbershop Singers (BABS) – a popular musical organization that has worked with leading charities during the last half century and has also given performances in leading media outlets such as the BBC. The BABS is almost exclusively comprised of men, and the quartet music that is its highlight is sung by four talented men vocalists. When BABS is compared with its equivalent organization Ladies’ Association of British Barbershop Singers, we see that both these associations conduct elections to pick their executives and administrators. The elected members in turn report and give an account of their activities to a national council. Duties such as serving as judges in musical competitions, offering musical education, are taken over by another music team – the Music and Judging Committee in the case of LABBS and Guild of Judges in the case of BABS (Garnett, 1999, p.115). Both of these barbershop organizations print and distribute newsletters, retail sheet music and release albums. The importance of this symmetry in organizational structure and functioning is that â€Å"it departs radically from a conception of separate spheres that characterizes them not only by gender but by social space. While the nineteenth-century formulation of the term mapped a distinction of public/private onto the gendered realms of activity, this twentieth-century reworking of the model takes its terms much more at face value by constituting both genders’ activities in the public realm of institutionalized regulation†. (Garnett, 1999, p.116) Hence, from the evidence gathered from the working of BABS and LABBS, we can infer that women enjoy more freedom and higher status both within and without the institution of family than was previously the case. But one should detest from drawing broad generalizations based on this evidence alone. For example, it is true that British women, being citizens of an advanced economic and industrial nation, have gained advantages over their counterparts in other nations. But it would be misleading to believe that the attitudes of British men have changed at all in the last half century, when compared to how men in other cultures view the role of women. For example, it is true that â€Å"Middle Eastern women are beaten for wearing un-Islamic clothing; Afghan women are abused and disenfranchised with or without the Taliban; Pakistani women are suffering domestic violence, including acid attacks and so-called ‘honour crimes’. If conventional discourse is to be believed, the front line in the ongoing struggle for universal women’s rights lies in the world’s poorest, most patriarchal and least democratic nations† (Walker, 2005, p.32). It is then argued that in countries like Britain, where the standard of democracy is high and citizen enfranchisement is advanced, women do not generally undergo discrimination, violence and abuse that their less privileged counterparts suffer. But scrutinized properly, it seems that the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s, and the rights won as a result of it, has given a sense of complacency and a misplaced sense of satisfaction to women (Allan Crow, 2001, p.23). The truth is less rosy than this as indicated by Amnesty International reports. Of all the advanced nations, the UK, the USA and Japan are striking examples of misconceptions about women’s liberation. For example, according to an Amnesty International report, â€Å"abuses of women’s rights in the developed world are occasionally reported fully and accurately–as in Amnesty UK’s campaigns on domestic violence–but in general they are portrayed as isolated incidents and contrasted with widespread repression in the developing world†¦whereas in truth, they demonstrate that abuses in developed and developing countries are linked† (Walker, 2005, p.32) This brings us to a key reason that has thwarted greater progress for women’s station in family during the last fifty years, namely deeply rooted sexual anxieties and insecurities of men. As scholars Werner Kierski and Christopher Blazina point out, one of the core reasons for the continuation of a subordinate role for women are men’s psychological fears of the opposite sex. What has been termed Fear of the Feminine (FOF) has been studied for close to two centuries now. But it was psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud who articulated clearly and at length some of these fear (the fear of men losing power over women expressed as ‘castration fear’). Later psychologists such as Horney refined and expanded this conception to account for men’s â€Å"dread of women and how this fear left men’s sense of masculinity on unstable ground† (Kierski Blazina, 2009, p.156). Carl Gustav Jung is said to have emphasized the importance of the feminine in his d efinitions of healthy and unhealthy masculinity. Further, FOF is also observed on a more socio-cultural level, affecting the roles of both genders. The phenomenon is said to emerge from entrenched patriarchal social models and/or fears of feminine underlying the origins of misogyny. Moreover, â€Å"Pielow (1998) refers to the feminine qualities living deep within the psyches of men as demonic forces. O’Neil et al (1986) widely used Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS) is theoretical built upon the FOF, men’s gender roles being derived in large part by the avoidance of those thoughts and behaviours seen as unmanly and connected to women. Nietzsche expressed his FOF clearly in his classic work, Thus Spoke Zarathrustra, by letting an old women offer the following advice to a man: â€Å"You go to women? Do not forget the whip!† (Kierski Blazina, 2009, p.158)

3 Steps to Becoming a Successful Admin Professional

3 Steps to Becoming a Successful Admin Professional Admins are a pretty competent and put together demographic. But we all have our own particular weaknesses- some we’re aware of, some we’re not! No matter your career stage, it never hurts to do a little self-assessment and see what can be improved.Step 1: Assess Your StyleEverybody has their own particular organizational style. Some people make lists. Some people clear out their inbox and sort messages into folders every hour on the hour. Some people have a gnarl of papers on their desk, but always know how to find the one they need! You may be a neat and tidy pile person, and you may not.There are great tests available online to self-assess. But no matter what you do, figuring out what works and doesn’t work for you is an important first step to figuring out what can and should be improved.Step 2: Build Your ToolboxThis is easier said than done, and does require a thorough investigation into Step 1. But once you know your weak areas, it will be much easier to fi nd and hone the tools to help you get them back up to snuff. Google and your trusted friends are a great resource here. So are colleagues whose organization systems you find awe-inspiring. A casual, â€Å"Hey, you have any strategies for file creep you feel like sharing?† People love to brag about how well they do things. They’ll never realize you just cried for help.Step 3: Know the CostIf you don’t shore up your weak spots, you could be wasting lots of your own time, your boss’s time, your company’s money. You could let things slip through the cracks and then forget them. Even if you don’t make any big mistakes, you might be constantly worried that you might, and that stress just isn’t worth it. Better to plug up all the holes in the boat and go forth with confidence that you’re steering it straight and true.Having good- no, great organization can only help you. It will build your reputation and respect level among your cowor kers and supervisors, and will keep you calm and confident in the fact that you’re aces at your job.

Apophasis in Rhetoric

Apophasis in Rhetoric Apophasis is a rhetorical term for the mention of something in disclaiming intention of mentioning itor pretending to deny what is really affirmed. Adjective: apophatic or apophantic. Also called denial or omission.  Similar to paralepsis and praeteritio. The Oxford English Dictionary defines apophasis by quoting John Smiths The Mysterie of Rhetorique Unvaild (1657): a kind of Irony, whereby we deny that we say or doe that which we especially say or doe. Bryan Garner notes that  [s]everal set phrases in our language signal  apophasis, such as not to mention, to say nothing of, and it goes without saying (Garners Modern English Usage, 2016).   Etymology:  From the Greek, denial Pronunciation:  ah-POF-ah-sis Examples Jeff FisherWe dont make excuses, but three of our four starting defensive linemen were watching the game today.Michele BachmannI find it interesting that it was back in the 1970s that the swine flu broke out then under another Democrat president, Jimmy Carter. And I’m not blaming this on President Obama. I just think it’s an interesting coincidence.Jacob V. LamarAt a White House press conference, a reporter working for a journal published by Extremist Lyndon LaRouche asked the President about rumors that Michael Dukakis once sought psychological help. Look, [President] Reagan replied with a smile, Im not going to pick on an invalid.Richard M. NixonLet me say, incidentally, that my opponent, my opposite number for the Vice Presidency on the Democratic ticket, does have his wife on the payroll and has had ither on his payroll for the ten yearsfor the past ten years. Now just let me say this: Thats his business, and Im not critical of him for doing that. You will have to p ass judgment on that particular point. San Fernando RedIm not going to throw mud at my opponent because hes a fine man. And his wife is a mighty fine woman. Mighty fine. What he sees in that dame hes running around with...The GuardianMary Matlin, the Bush campaigns political director, made the point with ruthless venom at a press briefing in Washington, saying, The larger issue is that Clinton is evasive and slick. We have never said to the press that he is a philandering, pot-smoking, draft-dodger. Theres nothing nefarious or subliminal going on.Robert Downey Jr., Iron Man 2Im not saying Im responsible for this countrys longest run of uninterrupted peace in 35 years! Im not saying that from the ashes of captivity, never has a phoenix metaphor been more personified! Im not saying Uncle Sam can kick back on a lawn chair, sipping on an iced tea, because I havent come across anyone man enough to go toe to toe with me on my best day! Its not about me.John MiltonI shall ignore the fact that Learning is youths finest ornament, the strong support of the prime of life, and the consolation of old age. I shall make no point of the fact that, after careers full of achievement and glory, many of the men who have been most honored by their contemporaries and many of the most eminent of the Romans withdrew from the conflict and hurly-burly of ambition to literary studies, as to a harbor and a delightful treat. Mayor Massimo CacciariIts not my habit to comment on books that dont interest me or, for various reasons, I dont like.Geoff DyerSo even though you’ve seen fit to wash your dirty linen in public like this, shorty, I will refrain from mentioning that it wasn’t me who turned up at the Islington Tennis Centre wearing a Rastafarian headband. 15–0! I also won’t sink low enough to point out that while I may have been the crappiest player of this quartet, my game would presumably have gotten off to a better start if, like you and Byng, I’d lived in a stately home with a tennis court in the back garden. 30–0! Byng: I’ll forget that you still owe me for your share of the indoor-court fee for that game on January  20, 2013. 40–0! As for Ardu, the world is better off not knowing about those famously dodgy line calls. Game, set, and match! Thomas Gibbons and Cicero on Apophasis Thomas GibbonsApophasis, or denial, is a Figure by which an Orator pretends to conceal or omit what he really and in fact declares.Cicero gives us a definition of this Figure, and furnishes us at the same time with instances of it in the following passage: Omission, says he, is when we say we pass over, or do not know, or will not mention, that which we declare with the utmost force. As in this manner: I might speak concerning your youth, which you have spent in the most abandoned profligacy, if I apprehended this was a proper season, but I now purposely wave it. I pass by the report of the Tribunes, who declared that you was [sic] defective in your military duty. The affair about the satisfaction concerning the injuries you had done to Labeo does not belong to the matter at hand: I say nothing of these things; I return to the subject of our present debate. . . .

Abortion laws in the state of Ohio Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abortion laws in the state of Ohio - Term Paper Example The state encourages the practice of a compulsive delay of 24 hours prior to the abortion (Laws). This 24 hour period is to be used for the purpose of state-directed counseling (Laws). This piece of counseling information must be handed over to the licensed physician, who is going to conduct the operation (Laws). This 24 hour consent law even makes it mandatory for a woman to give some information to the physician upon a face to face meeting (Laws). The physician must retrieve the following information from the patient:- (Laws). It is only after all the procedures are completed, that the patient gets to sign an informed consent (Laws). The patient even has to declare that she is not under the influence of any drugs or alcohol at that point of time (Laws). If a patient is less than 18 years of age, a parent, legal guardian or custodian must go along with her to the pre-abortion visit (Laws). The law even requires that the parent/legal guardian/custodian, give their Informed Consent on the abortion (Laws). From the above discussion we can conclude that the abortion laws in the state of Ohio have been designed by the government with the intention of protecting the innocent fetus from the brutal process of abortion. The laws have been formulated keeping in mind the complete safety of the patients. Also, the requirement of parent’s consent criteria sounds veritably justified enough for a healthy and happy society. Sweigart, Josh. â€Å"Area representative at center of Ohio abortion controversy†. Springfield News-Sun. 27 Mar. 2011. 28 Mar. 2011. OKeefe, Paul. â€Å"Proposed Ohio abortion law would be one of strictest in country†. Wews Newsnet5.com. 8 Feb. 2011. 28 Mar. 2011.

Law of Trusts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Trusts - Essay Example her well-disposed persons, some for the relief of aged and poor persons, some for the maintenance of sick and maimed soldiers and mariners, schools of learning, free schools and scholars in universities, some for repair of bridges, ports, causeways, churches, sea-banks and highways, some for education and preferment of orphans, some for or towards relief or maintenance of houses of correction, some for marriages of poor maids, some for aid and help of young tradesmen, which lands, goods (and) money have not been employed according to the charitable intent of the givers and founders thereof, by reason of frauds, breach of trust and negligence in those that should pay (and) deliver same.† "Charity in its legal sense comprises four principal divisions: trusts for the relief of poverty, trust for the advancement of education, trusts for the advancement of religion, and trusts for other purposes beneficial to the community, not falling under any of the preceding heads." In this essay, I would like to establish that the concepts of charities is still very much relevant to our present society as the four heads mentioned in the Pemsel case is still very much relevant to the present times. In some countries that adopted the preamble3, they expand the law to include such other groups and entities, which may need the assistance afforded by the Statutes. However, the Statutes of Charitable Uses is self-limiting and there is need to expand the coverage thereof in response to modern times. Thus, the concept of Charities evolved into the new Charities Bill. In order to understand better this evolution of the application of the law, let us look at the four areas covered by the Elizabethan law and see how this concepts have evolved over time4 and how our case law affected the evolution thereof. Relief of poverty is one of the noblest tasks of mankind to help each other. Under the Elizabethan law, there were two forms of relief, which was set up, one is the outdoor relief5 and