The Effects Of Mental Skills On Sports Psychology

The use of mental skills in sports psychology can both benefit an athlete to motivate themselves and provide them with the self confidence to achieve although the use of these skills can also have a negative impact on the athlete. There are multiple studies that have been carried to support the use of mental skills in a rehabilitation programme for example studies by JJ. This review of literature includes two different types of mental skills that can be used to help an athlete in the rehabilitation process, one study to support the concept that athletes benefit from a range of mental skills use is Arvinen-Barrow et al. This study that took place in 2015 found out that 71.6% of 1283 athletes indicated that they believed mental skills helped them to rehabilitate faster when using 3 types of mental skills (imagery,goal setting and positive self talk).However there are times in an athletes career were they will be injured and confidence may be at a low point as they struggle to cope wit h the demands of reaching the heights they may have previously set. A study which argues against the positives of mental skills more specifically relaxation and imagery is one conducted by Francis, Andersen and Maley (2000). The results from this study backed up the idea that positive self talk and positive reinforcement from an external individual can help the rehabilitation process. However the athletes used in this study did not believe that other mental skills such as relaxation or imageryShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Mental Skills On Sports Psychology1932 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The use of mental skills in sports psychology can both benefit an athlete to motivate themselves and provide them with the self confidence to achieve although the use of these skills can also have a negative impact on the athlete. This review of literature includes two different types of mental skills that can be used to help an athlete in the rehabilitation process, one study to support the concept that athletes benefit from a range of mental skills use is Arvinen-Barrow et al. ThisRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Social Psychology1398 Words   |  6 Pagesanswer in his lifetime. Psychology is a very broad topic in general, and is easily broken down into two main categories: experimental psychology and social psychology. These two categories of psychology can be broken down further into many subcategories such as the following: clinical psychology, forensic psychology, and sports psychology. Both of these broad categories, nevertheless, share the same end goal, which is to unde rstand the human mind and its functions. Psychology defined in the Merriam-WebsterRead MoreEssay about Mental Rehearsal Key to Improving Athlete Performance1706 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Physical repetition alone will not get the job done in mastering a skill and taking an athlete or team to the next level; imagery is equally, if not more important.† (Mallett). Many people believe that although the sport is played with the body, it is won by the mind. Not surprisingly sport performers increasingly turn to psychology in an effort to gain a winning edge over their rivals. In this sense, mental imagery, or the ability to represent the minds information that is not currently being perceivedRead MoreWhat is Sport Spsychology?853 Words   |  3 Pages Your Guide to sport psychology-Every weekend professional soccer players play in front of 60,000 and many more watching on TV. Yet, they stay focused and confident thorough there 90-minute battle. It fascinated me that how these players are able to do this consistently without many hiccups. The Idea that simple techniques applied by sport psychologists could make such a big difference in an athlete’s performance is what I find out during my non-fiction journey. Sport Psychology in the trainingRead More Applying Psychological Thinking To Sports Essays1687 Words   |  7 Pages quot;Sports is by far one of the fastest growing pass times in the United Statesquot; (Rainer 1987). Even if people dont take it to the professional level, sporting events are happening in our backyards, and at all of our local schools around the country. With the growing popularity and the increasing competitiveness of the sports, it will take more than just a physical advantage to compete at the highest level. This is where the psychology of sports comes into play. In my research I willRead MoreDifferent Disciplines Of Sports And Exercise Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent disciplines are kept in check by different governing bodies. These governing bodies make sure practitioners are correct in practice and state what they can and cannot do. There are many different disciplines within sport and exercise science and they all have different approaches to improve sporting performance and health. Governing body’s reason for existence is to set out policies and rules within an institution to make sure practitioners are morally ethically and legally correct. GoverningRead MoreInside Sport Pschology830 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Inside Sport Psychology examines different sport psychology elements that can be transferred into every day coaching. Costas Karageorghis and Peter Terry discuss sports applications that prove helpful to coaches, athletes, team managers as well as students of sports psychology. The applications that are presented are applicable on the sports field in addition to other areas of our lives. Because athletes recognise the effect of psychology, many feel as if they have no or little controlRead MoreChildren and Sports Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesChildren who participate in sports are developing rapidly in sports skills, sportsmanship, and psychologically, but does this come from organized sports are just nature’s process. Children develop emotional and social benefits from participating in sports. Children experience character and leadership development through peer relations leading to an increase in self-esteem and a decrease in anxiety levels. Children will get opportunit ies to experience positive and negative emotions throughout theirRead MoreCareer Plan For An Athletic Career Planning Program Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesStambulova, 2010). An evaluation of methods, outcomes, and limitations of preexisting models will ideally benefit the overall strength and clinical utility of the current program. In addition to career-planning models, an athlete transitioning out of sport would also likely benefit from incorporating wellness models, as wellness models have improved individuals’ exercise activity, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction (Connolly Myers, 2003; Gieck, Olsen, 2007). Several wellness models currently inRead MoreTaking a Look at Sports Psychology1561 Words   |  6 PagesCome on – don’t let the picture creep into your mind. Stop thinking of that†¦ Pink Elephant (Gardner). It has been proven that putting a â€Å"don’t† or a â€Å"not† into a statement can cause the brain to have diffi culties in interpreting the statement. In sports, players tend to tell themselves â€Å"not† to do something. In soccer, a goalie might tell him/herself to not let the other team score a goal, and then the team does. Or in tennis, players tell themselves not to serve the ball into the net, and then they The Effects Of Mental Skills On Sports Psychology Introduction The use of mental skills in sports psychology can both benefit an athlete to motivate themselves and provide them with the self confidence to achieve although the use of these skills can also have a negative impact on the athlete. This review of literature includes two different types of mental skills that can be used to help an athlete in the rehabilitation process, one study to support the concept that athletes benefit from a range of mental skills use is Arvinen-Barrow et al. This study took place in 2015, found out that 71.6% of 1283 athletes indicated that they believed mental skills helped them to rehabilitate faster when using 3 types of mental skills (imagery,goal setting and positive self talk). On the other hand there are studies which argue against the positives of mental skills more specifically relaxation and imagery and one example is a study conducted by Francis, Andersen and Maley (2000). The results from this study backed up the idea that positive self talk and posit ive reinforcement from an external individual can help the rehabilitation process. However the athletes used in this study did not believe that other mental skills such as relaxation or imagery were particularly useful in the rehabilitation phase. Furthermore when athletes return to physical activity there are theories that they are often feared of the injury occurring again and may not give themselves the best chance to perform at their previous standards. The following examples ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Mental Skills On Sports Psychology1923 Words   |  8 PagesThe use of mental skills in sports psychology can both benefit an athlete to motivate themselves and provide them with the self confidence to achieve although the use of these skills can also have a negative impact on the athlete. There are multiple studies that have been carried to support the use of mental skills in a rehabilitation programme for example studies by JJ. This review of literature includes two diff erent types of mental skills that can be used to help an athlete in the rehabilitationRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Social Psychology1398 Words   |  6 Pagesanswer in his lifetime. Psychology is a very broad topic in general, and is easily broken down into two main categories: experimental psychology and social psychology. These two categories of psychology can be broken down further into many subcategories such as the following: clinical psychology, forensic psychology, and sports psychology. Both of these broad categories, nevertheless, share the same end goal, which is to understand the human mind and its functions. Psychology defined in the Merriam-WebsterRead MoreEssay about Mental Rehearsal Key to Improving Athlete Performance1706 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Physical repetition alone will not get the job done in mastering a skill and taking an athlete or team to the next level; imagery is equally, if not more important.† (Mallett). Many people believe that alt hough the sport is played with the body, it is won by the mind. Not surprisingly sport performers increasingly turn to psychology in an effort to gain a winning edge over their rivals. In this sense, mental imagery, or the ability to represent the minds information that is not currently being perceivedRead MoreWhat is Sport Spsychology?853 Words   |  3 Pages Your Guide to sport psychology-Every weekend professional soccer players play in front of 60,000 and many more watching on TV. Yet, they stay focused and confident thorough there 90-minute battle. It fascinated me that how these players are able to do this consistently without many hiccups. The Idea that simple techniques applied by sport psychologists could make such a big difference in an athlete’s performance is what I find out during my non-fiction journey. Sport Psychology in the trainingRead More Applying Psychological Thinking To Sports Essays1687 Words   |  7 Pages quot;Sports is by far one of the fastest growing pass times in the United Statesquot; (Rainer 1987). Even if people dont take it to the professional level, sporting events are happening in our backyards, and at all of our local schools around the country. With the growing popularity and the increasing competitiveness of the sports, it will take more than just a physical advantage to compete at the highest level. This is where the psychology of sports comes into play. In my research I willRead MoreDifferent Disciplines Of Sports And Exercise Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent disciplines are kept in check by different governing bodies. These governing bodies make sure practitioners are correct in practice and state what they can and cannot do. There are many different disciplines within sport and exercise science and they all have different approaches to improve sporting performance and health. Governing body’s reason for existence is to set out policies and rules within an institution to make sure practitioners are morally ethically and legally correct. GoverningRead MoreInside Sport Pschology830 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Inside Sport Psychology examines different sport psychology elements that can be transferred into every day coaching. Costas Karageorghis and Peter Terry discuss sports applications that prove helpful to coaches, athletes, team managers as well as students of sports psychology. The applications that are presented are applicable on the sports field in addition to other areas of our lives. Because athletes recognise the effect of psychology, many feel as if they have no or little controlRead MoreChildren and Sports Essay1053 Words   |  5 PagesChildren who participate in sports are developing rapidly in sports skills, sportsmanship, and psychologically, but does this come from organized sports are just nature’s process. Children develop emotional and social benefits from participating in sports. Children experience character and leadership development through peer relations leading to an increase in self-esteem and a decrease in anxiety levels. Children will get opportunit ies to experience positive and negative emotions throughout theirRead MoreCareer Plan For An Athletic Career Planning Program Essay1394 Words   |  6 PagesStambulova, 2010). An evaluation of methods, outcomes, and limitations of preexisting models will ideally benefit the overall strength and clinical utility of the current program. In addition to career-planning models, an athlete transitioning out of sport would also likely benefit from incorporating wellness models, as wellness models have improved individuals’ exercise activity, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction (Connolly Myers, 2003; Gieck, Olsen, 2007). Several wellness models currently inRead MoreTaking a Look at Sports Psychology1561 Words   |  6 PagesCome on – don’t let the picture creep into your mind. Stop thinking of that†¦ Pink Elephant (Gardner). It has been proven that putting a â€Å"don’t† or a â€Å"not† into a statement can cause the brain to have diffi culties in interpreting the statement. In sports, players tend to tell themselves â€Å"not† to do something. In soccer, a goalie might tell him/herself to not let the other team score a goal, and then the team does. Or in tennis, players tell themselves not to serve the ball into the net, and then they

Annotated Bibliography Brand Loyalty from a Multi-Faceted...

Annotated Bibliography Brand Loyalty from a Multi-faceted Perspective ORGA 201 Introduction to Management Section OP51 Max Su (1762788) Instructor: Rob Dean Brand loyalty is the ‘Holy Grail’ to all marketing organizations. Marketing practitioners are consumed by it. They search. They try. They dream. They want to achieve the ultimate in brand loyalty, making it so airtight that no competition can lure their consumers from their brands of products. Unfortunately, there is no one-size-fit-all methodology. Competition is dynamic. There’s no way to accurately anticipate what the creativity of their competitors can bring to the marketplace, which can lead to†¦show more content†¦The authors describe ethical burden as the necessity of company to charge real cost of doing business, ensure quality of products and services and develop strong customer relations. The focus group study with a sample of 50 business professionals contends that by managing ethical burden with continuous advertising, it can lead to creating positive brand image and hence, brand loyalty, that will sustain the brand in the long te rm through repeat buying phenomena. Babur is an Assistant Professor and Principal at ISRA University, Islamabad Campus Pakistan. Naveed is a Senior Research Associate at Riphah International University, Islamabad Pakistan. There are 15 references in this article. The authors use these references to elaborate on concepts relating to marketing in regards to ethical burden, brand image, brand loyalty and, advertising in general. The results of the study indicate that a large portion of the repeat buying behavior is due to unexplained factors across purchasing occasions. The authors state that this study has a 72% of reliability, but did not show the calculation of how the number was derived. The written English is weak and some descriptions are not so clear. Despite this deficiency, this article provides marketing managers with another perspective to sustain brand loyalty. In regards to the 72% reliability, further research can incorporate quantitative methods of research to indentify outliers, which can lead to a more accurate

Sardanapalus Essay Paper Example For Students

Sardanapalus Essay Paper A monologue from the play by Lord Byron NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Lord Byron: Six Plays. Lord Byron. Los Angeles: Black Box Press, 2007. MYRRHA: Why do I love this man? My countrys daughtersLove none but heroes. But I have no country!The slave hath lost all save her bonds. I love him;And thats the heaviest link of the long chain—To love whom we esteem not. Be it so:The hour is coming when hell need all love,And find none. To fall from him now were baserThan to have stabbed him on his throne when highestWould have been noble in my countrys creed:I was not made for either. Could I save him,I should not love him better, but myself;And I have need of the last, for I have fallenIn my own thoughts, by loving this soft stranger:And yet, methinks, I love him more, perceivingThat he is hated of his own barbarians,The natural foes of all the blood of Greece.Could I but wake a single thought like thoseWhich even the Phrygians felt when battling longTwixt Ilion and the sea, within his heart,He would tread down the barbarous crowds, and triumph.He loves me, and I love him; the slave lovesHer master, and would free him from his vices.If not, I have a means of freedom still,And if I cannot teach him how to reign,May show him how alone a King can leaveHis throne.

The changing roles of men and women in families in Britain over the past half century Essay Example

The changing roles of men and women in families in Britain over the past half century Essay For much of the long history of human civilization women and men evolved to assume different roles within the family and larger society. But in most societies, women were made to take a subordinate social and domestic role to men. This situation has gradually changed in the last fifty years and there is more equality between the statuses of the two sexes. Two important circumstances have made female emancipation possible. Firstly, as works of female authors started to get published, societies got exposed to the feminine perspective on various subjects. Secondly, events such as the Second World War had radically altered women’s roles by bringing them out of their homes and into factories. The women suffragette movement that took place in the early decades of the 20th century and the Women’s rights movement of the 1960s were also instrumental in bringing about substantial change in the status and role of women (Allan Crow, 2001, p.21). These changes were not restr icted to Britain, but have occurred simultaneously in many countries, especially in West. While the role of women has seen remarkable change over the last half century, the same cannot be said of the role of men. Some of the specific areas where gender roles in Britain have morphed over the recent decades are discussed in this essay. There is no doubt that women have steadily taken a prominent role in the workplace and that their participation in it has increased gradually over the last five decades. Half a century back men were deemed the sole bread-winners for their families and women were confined to domestic work and bringing up children (Morgan, 1990, p.15). But today’s Britain is a far cry from what was the case in 1960s. Since the circumstances of the Second World War forced women into taking up roles that were conventionally restricted to men, there has been no looking back in terms of their economic independence (Davies, 2004, p. 260). Previously, women had to put up with abusive husbands due to their economic dependency on the latter. But as more women became financially independent, their freedoms in regard to interpersonal relationships also grew. It should be remembered though, that despite possessing equal professional qualifications, work experience and skill sets, most women tend to g et paid less than their husbands (Walters Avotri, 1999). For example, we find that despite progress in many areas, the gender wage gap is a clear-cut sign that women still have some way to go before achieving an equal status to their husbands. What is worrying about the persistent gender wage gap is the fact that women don’t feel as indignant about this issue as they do in other areas of inequality (Allan Crow, 2001, p.21). In addition to this, British culture and history have stereotyped what comprise feminine qualities. The following observation from research team of Chichilnisky et. al. further elucidates this point: We will write a custom essay sample on The changing roles of men and women in families in Britain over the past half century specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The changing roles of men and women in families in Britain over the past half century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The changing roles of men and women in families in Britain over the past half century specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"notwithstanding the fact that today’s women and men share the same starting point for becoming equally productive in both the home and the workplace–current beliefs about earnings may be â€Å"historically biased† in favour of stereotypes. This reasoning leads us to argue that persistence of the gender wage gap in developed societies can possibly be explained by a self-fulfilling â€Å"history bias† in beliefs.† (Chichilnisky et. al., 2008, p.299) But beyond the â€Å"history bias†, there are other factors that contribute to gender wage gap within the family. While the absolute percentage of women participating in workforce has increased, the stereotyping of feminine qualities has restricted the domains in which they could specialize. As a result, women and men are segregated occupation-wise, where there is wage-disparity between occupations. There is also disparity between women and men of the same age-groups due to the fact that the former lose a few years for maternity and child-rearing which holds back their career’s progress. So while economic opportunities for women have expanded and consequently their roles within the family have changed since the 1950s, it has not propelled women to a state of equality with men today. (Walker, 2005, p.32) We can learn useful insights about gender roles in Britain by studying the foundation, organizational structure and other facets of the British Association of Barbershop Singers (BABS) – a popular musical organization that has worked with leading charities during the last half century and has also given performances in leading media outlets such as the BBC. The BABS is almost exclusively comprised of men, and the quartet music that is its highlight is sung by four talented men vocalists. When BABS is compared with its equivalent organization Ladies’ Association of British Barbershop Singers, we see that both these associations conduct elections to pick their executives and administrators. The elected members in turn report and give an account of their activities to a national council. Duties such as serving as judges in musical competitions, offering musical education, are taken over by another music team – the Music and Judging Committee in the case of LABBS and Guild of Judges in the case of BABS (Garnett, 1999, p.115). Both of these barbershop organizations print and distribute newsletters, retail sheet music and release albums. The importance of this symmetry in organizational structure and functioning is that â€Å"it departs radically from a conception of separate spheres that characterizes them not only by gender but by social space. While the nineteenth-century formulation of the term mapped a distinction of public/private onto the gendered realms of activity, this twentieth-century reworking of the model takes its terms much more at face value by constituting both genders’ activities in the public realm of institutionalized regulation†. (Garnett, 1999, p.116) Hence, from the evidence gathered from the working of BABS and LABBS, we can infer that women enjoy more freedom and higher status both within and without the institution of family than was previously the case. But one should detest from drawing broad generalizations based on this evidence alone. For example, it is true that British women, being citizens of an advanced economic and industrial nation, have gained advantages over their counterparts in other nations. But it would be misleading to believe that the attitudes of British men have changed at all in the last half century, when compared to how men in other cultures view the role of women. For example, it is true that â€Å"Middle Eastern women are beaten for wearing un-Islamic clothing; Afghan women are abused and disenfranchised with or without the Taliban; Pakistani women are suffering domestic violence, including acid attacks and so-called ‘honour crimes’. If conventional discourse is to be believed, the front line in the ongoing struggle for universal women’s rights lies in the world’s poorest, most patriarchal and least democratic nations† (Walker, 2005, p.32). It is then argued that in countries like Britain, where the standard of democracy is high and citizen enfranchisement is advanced, women do not generally undergo discrimination, violence and abuse that their less privileged counterparts suffer. But scrutinized properly, it seems that the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s, and the rights won as a result of it, has given a sense of complacency and a misplaced sense of satisfaction to women (Allan Crow, 2001, p.23). The truth is less rosy than this as indicated by Amnesty International reports. Of all the advanced nations, the UK, the USA and Japan are striking examples of misconceptions about women’s liberation. For example, according to an Amnesty International report, â€Å"abuses of women’s rights in the developed world are occasionally reported fully and accurately–as in Amnesty UK’s campaigns on domestic violence–but in general they are portrayed as isolated incidents and contrasted with widespread repression in the developing world†¦whereas in truth, they demonstrate that abuses in developed and developing countries are linked† (Walker, 2005, p.32) This brings us to a key reason that has thwarted greater progress for women’s station in family during the last fifty years, namely deeply rooted sexual anxieties and insecurities of men. As scholars Werner Kierski and Christopher Blazina point out, one of the core reasons for the continuation of a subordinate role for women are men’s psychological fears of the opposite sex. What has been termed Fear of the Feminine (FOF) has been studied for close to two centuries now. But it was psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud who articulated clearly and at length some of these fear (the fear of men losing power over women expressed as ‘castration fear’). Later psychologists such as Horney refined and expanded this conception to account for men’s â€Å"dread of women and how this fear left men’s sense of masculinity on unstable ground† (Kierski Blazina, 2009, p.156). Carl Gustav Jung is said to have emphasized the importance of the feminine in his d efinitions of healthy and unhealthy masculinity. Further, FOF is also observed on a more socio-cultural level, affecting the roles of both genders. The phenomenon is said to emerge from entrenched patriarchal social models and/or fears of feminine underlying the origins of misogyny. Moreover, â€Å"Pielow (1998) refers to the feminine qualities living deep within the psyches of men as demonic forces. O’Neil et al (1986) widely used Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS) is theoretical built upon the FOF, men’s gender roles being derived in large part by the avoidance of those thoughts and behaviours seen as unmanly and connected to women. Nietzsche expressed his FOF clearly in his classic work, Thus Spoke Zarathrustra, by letting an old women offer the following advice to a man: â€Å"You go to women? Do not forget the whip!† (Kierski Blazina, 2009, p.158)